Graphics and Design

Definitions (تعاريف):
Computer graphics: pictures and drawings produced by computer, help users to understand complex information quickly by presenting it in a clear visual form.
Computer animation: the process of creating objects and pictures which move across the screen; it is used by scientists and engineers to analyse problems.
Graphics package: is the software that enables you to draw and manipulate objects on a computer.
Palette: the collection of tools in a package.
Primitives: the basic shapes used to construct graphical (make graphic) objects: lines, polygons, etc.
Patterns menu: a menu or a palette from which the user can pick the required pattern to fill shapes and draw borders.
Or, a palette from which you choose a design to fill shapes.
Black-and-white dithering: a shading technique where two different colours are placed next to each other; the human eye blends the colours to form a third one. It is also used to show shading in black and white.
Inverting: reversing the colour of the dots of the selected part of a picture, so that white dots become black and black dots become white.
Scaling: making the object larger or smaller in any of the horizontal, vertical or depth directions (corresponding to the x, y and z axes).
Slanting: including an object to an oblique position.
Zoom: a tool which lets you scale the ‘view’ of a picture and edit a small portion of it as if you ware working under a magnifying glass. It is useful for doing detailed work as you can edit the picture one dot at a time.
Transformation: means moving or otherwise manipulating the object by translating, rotating and scaling the object.
Translation: is moving an object along an axis to somewhere else in the viewing area.
Rotation: is turning the object around an axis.
Enumeration (تعداد):
Graphics can be developed for a variety of uses including…?
1. Presentations.
2. Desktop publishing.
3. Illustrations.
4. Architectural designs.
5. And detailed engineering drawings.
Mechanical engineers use sophisticated programs…?
1. For applications in computer aided design.
2. And computer aided manufacturing.
Three-dimensional graphics, along with colour and animation, are essential for such applications as…?
1. Fine art.
2. Graphic design.
3. Web-page design.
4. Computer-aided engineering.
5. And academic research.
Each graphics package has…?
1. Has its own facilities.
2. Plus a wide range of basic drawing.
3. And p??? tools.
Primitives are usually geometric, such as…?
1. Lines between two points, arcs.
2. Circles.
3. Polygons, ellipses.
4. And event text.
You can specify the attribute of each primitive, such as…?
1. Its colour, line type.
2. Fill area, interior style and so on.
If you want to draw rectangle:
1. You activate the rectangle tool.
2. And the pop-up options allow you to choose the origin of the rectangle (page 90).
3. And the possibility of drawing a rectangle with rounded corners.
To create a picture you must…?
1. Specify the primitives and their attributes.
2. Then transform them by specifying where.
3. And how you want them placed on the screen so they create your picture.
What rendering include?
1. Hidden surface removal.
2. Shading.
3. Light sources and reflections.
Abbreviations (اختصارات):
CAD: Computer Aided Design.
CAE: Computer Aided Engineering.
CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing.
Questions (أسئلة):
What is the task of a graphics program??
A graphics program interprets the input provided by the user and transforms it into images that can be displayed on the screen, printed on paper or transferred to microfilm.
What Computer use to convert the bits of data into precise shapes and colour??
In the process the computer uses hundreds of mathematical formulas.
What are the benefits of using computer graphics in the car industry?
CAD software is used to develop, model and test car designs before the actual parts are made. This can save a lot of time and money.
For what electrical engineers use computer graphics? And why they use it??
Electrical engineers use computer graphics to design circuits. And they use it to present data in a more understandable form.
What are the benefits of using graphics in business??
Can present information visually to clients in graphs and diagrams. These are much more effective ways of communicating than lists of figures or long explanations.
What they can do with the appropriate software??
They can study the structure of objects and how it is affected by particular changes.
The term rendering describes… (Or definition)?
The techniques used to make your object look real. Or, refers to the techniques used to make realistic images.
Synonyms (مرادفات):
Rotating: turning an image around.
Grammar (قواعد):
صيغ المصدر هي أسماء مشكلة من فعل و "ing" وممكن أن تكون فاعل أو مفعول به أو مفعول به لحرف جر أو ملحق بالفاعل.